Lawrence Najjar's Publications

Publications

User Interface Design

Elder, B. B., & Najjar, L. J. (1994). "Working" feedback in multitasking window. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 403.

Holzman, T. G., & Najjar, L. J. (1992). How to make usable tutorials and helps for host-based applications. In C. Kibler (Ed.), Proceedings of the IBM Online Information Interdivisional Technical Liaison Meeting (pp. 57-66). Cary, NC: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. (2008, January). Ease of use makes money and saves money. TandemSeven.com Insights Blog.

Najjar, L. (2007, November). Accessibility for users with disabilities. TandemSeven.com Insights Blog.

Najjar, L. J. (2005). Accessibility guidelines for Java software applications. Unpublished manuscript.

Najjar, L. J. (2005). Accessible Java application user interface design guidelines. In HCI International 2005 Proceedings. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Najjar, L. J. (2005). Accessible Java application user interface design guidelines. Presentation at HCI International 2005, Las Vegas, NV.

Najjar, L. J. (2005). Designing e-commerce user interfaces. In R. W. Proctor & K-P. L., Vu (Eds.), Handbook of human factors in Web design (pp. 514-527). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Najjar, L. J. (2004). Accessibility awareness. Presentation at BMC Software, Austin and Houston, TX. Accessibility pop quiz. Feedback questionnaire.

Najjar, L. J. (2004). Java application accessibility awareness. Presentation at BMC Software, Houston, TX.

Najjar, L. J. (2003). Designing e-commerce user interfaces. Presentation at Usability Professionals Association Austin chapter, Austin, TX. Generic e-commerce interactive mockup.

Najjar, L. J. (2003). Usability awareness. Presentation at BMC Software, Austin and Houston, TX.

Najjar, L. J. (2002). An efficient Web user interface design process for commercial clients. Unpublished manuscript.

Najjar, L. J. (2001). E-commerce user interface design for the Web. In M. J. Smith, G. Salvendy, D. Harris, & R. J. Koubek (Eds.), Usability evaluation and interface design (Volume 1 of the Proceedings of HCI International 2001) (pp. 843-847). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Najjar, L. J. (2001, February 16). Usability challenges for newer technologies. Presentation at the Society for Technical Communications Minneapolis chapter FutureTense conference, Minneapolis, MN.

Najjar, L. J. (2001, April 4). User interface design for the Web. Presentation at Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Psychology, Seminar in Engineering Psychology: Human-Computer Interaction, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J. (2001, August 8). E-commerce user interface design. Presentation at the HCI International 2001 conference, New Orleans, LA.

Najjar, L. J. (2001). Principles of educational multimedia user interface design. In R. W. Swezey & D. H. Andrews (Eds.), Readings in training and simulation: A 30-year perspective (pp. 146-158). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Najjar, L. J. (2000, April 6). User interface design for the Web. Presentation at Georgia Institute of Technology's Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center Brown Bag, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J. (2000, May 17). User interface design for the Web. Presentation at Society for Technical Communication, Atlanta chapter meeting, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J. (2000, December). Conceptual User Interface: A new tool for designing e-commerce user interfaces. Internetworking, 3.3 [Online].

Najjar, L. J. (1999, June). Beyond Web usability. Internetworking, 2.2 [Online].

Najjar, L. J. (1998, February 17). Myths of educational multimedia user interface design. Presentation at CHI-Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J. (1998). Principles of educational multimedia user interface design. Human Factors, 40(2), 311-323.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). Boolean desktop object selection. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 235-236.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). Icon that shows length of audio or video. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 179.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). System status icon. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 9.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). Technique for cleaning touch-sensitive display. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 241.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). Touch-con: Computer screen touch-sensitivity indicator. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 603.

Najjar, L. J. (1994). Virtual reality calculator. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 309.

Najjar, L. J. (1993). Combined numeric entry field and calculator. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 36(07), 195-196.

Najjar, L. J. (1993). Cursor for computer-aided design applications. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 36(09A), 315-316.

Najjar, L. J. (1993). Direct manipulation scrolling on nonprogrammable terminal user interfaces. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 36(6B), 367-368.

Najjar, L. J. (1993). Fingerprint touch sensitivity indicator. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 36(09A), 305.

Najjar, L. J. (1993). Improved visual slider control. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 36(09B), 247-248.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). Digital video editor. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 35(2), 428-432.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). Graphical passwords. International Technology Disclosures, 10(1), 3.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). Multimedia user interface design guidelines (TM 52.0046). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). On-line desktop address book and auto-dialer. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 35(2), 439-441.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). On-line stapler. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 35(2), 435-436.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). Pull-down menu that stays open. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 35(1B), 77.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). Digital video direction and speed controls. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 34(6), 36-38.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). Eschew obfuscation (TM 52.0002). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). MediaNote: An easy way to see multimedia notes. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 34(6), 34-35.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). Pop-up window shadow. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 34(6), 42-43.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). Proximity detector for mouse cursor. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 33(8), 253-254.

Najjar, L. J. (1990). Using color effectively (TR 52.0018). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J., Ockerman, J. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1998, March 15). User interface design guidelines for speech recognition applications. Paper presented at IEEE VRAIS 98 workshop - Interfaces for wearable computers, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J., Ryan, J. L., & Vassandani, V. (1994). Container icon contents indicator. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(12), 435.

Najjar, L. J., & Spence, L. S. (1991). QuickNote function to add short notes to a display. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 33(8), 258-259.

Najjar, L. J., & Zimmatore, J. J. (1992). Multiple item on-line clipboard. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 35(2), 425.

Proctor, R. W., Vu, K-P. L., Najjar, L. J., Vaughan, M., & Salvendy, G. (2003, December). Content preparation and management for e-commerce Web sites. Communications of the ACM Virtual Extension, 46(12ve), pp. 289-299.

Proctor, R. W., Vu, K-P. L., Salvendy, G., Degen, H., Fang, X., Flach, J. M., Gott, S., P, Herrmann, D., Kroemker, H., Lightner, N. J., Lubin, K., Najjar, L., Reeves, L., Rudorfer, A., Stanney, K., Stephanidis, C., Strybel, T. Z., Vaughan, M., Wang, H., Weber, H., Yang, Y., & Zhu, W. (2002). Content preparation and management for Web design: Eliciting, structuring, searching, and displaying information. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 14, 25-92.

Rapid Prototyping

Cona, T. R., Cooper, B. I., Fath, J. L., Najjar, L. J., & Zimmatore, J. J. (1990). Rapid prototyping tool. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 33(6A), 41-42.

Hickmott, A., & Najjar, L. J. (1991). Rapid prototyping: Recommendations for software development. Hursley, England: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1992). Rapid prototyping: A new way to develop software. In E. Nahouraii (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth IBM Worldwide MDQ Productivity and Process Tools Symposium (pp. 202-214). Thornwood, NY: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1991). An evaluation of three rapid prototyping tools for nonprogrammable terminal user interfaces (TR 52.0034). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1990). Rapid prototyping (TR 52.0020). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1990). Rapid prototyping. In R. E. Cordes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1990 Human Factors/Product Usability Interdivisional Technical Liaison Meeting (pp. 55-60). Dallas, TX: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J., & Humphreys, D. S. (Eds.). (1990). Proceedings of the First Meeting of the Prototyping Tools Technical Interchange Group (TR 52.0039). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J., & Humphreys, D. S. (Eds.). (1990). Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Prototyping Tools Technical Interchange Group (TR 52.0040). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation.

Task Analysis

Mitta, D. A., Folds, D. J., Beers, T. M., Najjar, L. J., & Coon, V. E. (1994). Human operator tasks in an IVHS-level advanced traffic management system (Working paper G.1). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Tech Research Institute.

Mitta, D. A., Najjar, L. J., & Folds, D. J. (1994). An advanced traffic management system: Operator function and task requirements. In European Road Transport Telematics Implementation Coordination Organisation (Ed.), Towards an intelligent transport system: Proceedings of the first world congress on applications of transport telematics and intelligent vehicle-highway systems (pp. 1804-1811). Boston: Artech House.

Requirements

Kelly, M. J., Mitta, D. A., Najjar, L. J., & Folds, D. J. (1994). Human interface requirements and human factors specification for an ideal advanced traffic management center (Working paper H.1). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Tech Research Institute.

Mitta, D. A., Najjar, L. J., Folds, D. J., & Courtney, T. K. (1994). Human operator performance requirements in an IVHS-level advanced traffic management system (Working paper E.1). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Tech Research Institute.

Wearable Computers

Najjar, L., Ockerman, J., & Huff, C. (1996, January). Glancing ahead: Advanced technology. In S. A. Carliner (Chair), The technology fair: Making the technology work for you. Symposium conducted at the Training '96 meeting, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J., Ockerman, J. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1997). Using a wearable computer for mobile training and performance support. In T. Muldner & T. C. Reeves (Eds.), Educational Multimedia/Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 1997 (p. 1461). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Najjar, L. J., Ockerman, J. J., Thompson, J. C., & Treanor, C. J. (1996). Building a demonstration multimedia electronic performance support system. In P. Carson & F. Makedon (Eds.), Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 1996 (p. 794). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Najjar, L.J., Thompson, C. & Ockerman, J.J. (1999). Using a wearable computer for continuous learning and support. Mobile Networks and Applications, 4, 69-74.

Najjar, L. J., Thompson, J. C., & Ockerman, J. J. (1997). A wearable computer for quality assurance inspectors in a food processing plant.. In Digest of papers: First International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 163-164). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society.

Najjar, L. J., Thompson, J. C., & Ockerman, J. J. (1997, March). Using a wearable computer to improve the performance of quality assurance inspectors in a food processing plant. Paper presented at the CHI'97 Workshop on Wearable Computing, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J., Thompson, J. C., Ockerman, J. J., & Treanor, C. J. (1996, August). Using a wearable computer for industrial data collection and performance support. Paper presented at the Workshop on Wearable Computer Systems meeting, Renton, WA.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1999). FAST: Future technology for today's industry. Computers in Industry, 38, 53-64.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1999). FAST: Future technology for today's industry. Georgia Tech Research Institute Journal of Technology, 2.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1997). Evaluation of a wearable computer performance support system. In T. Muldner & T. C. Reeves (Eds.), Educational Multimedia/Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 1997 (pp. 788-793). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1997). Wearable computers for performance support: Initial feasibility study. In Digest of papers: First International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 10-17). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1997). Wearable computers for performance support: Initial feasibility study. Personal Technologies, 1, 251-259.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., & Thompson, J. C. (1996). Factory automation support technology (FAST). In D. Adelson & E. Domeshek (Eds.) International Conference on the Learning Sciences, 1996 (p. 567). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J., Thompson, J. C., Treanor, C. J., & Atkinson, F. D. (1996). FAST: A research paradigm for educational performance support systems. In P. Carson & F. Makedon (Eds.), Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 1996 (pp. 545-550). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Thompson, C., Ockerman, J. J., Najjar, L. J, & Rogers, E. (1997). Factory Automation Support Technology (FAST): A new paradigm of continuous learning and support using a wearable. In Digest of papers: First International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 31-38). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society.

Thompson, C., Najjar, L. J., & Ockerman, J. J. (1997). Wearable computer based training and performance support systems. In S. Aronberg (Ed.), 19th Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference Proceedings (pp. 746-752). Arlington, VA: National Training Systems Association.

Ergonomics

Najjar, L. J. (2003). User interface device for improved accessibility. Georgia Tech Research Corporation invention disclosure 2660). Unpublished manuscript.

Najjar, L. J. (1989). Electroluminescent keyboard lamp. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 32(5B), 474-447.

Najjar, L. J. (1986). Sector suite and ergonomics trade-off analysis (FAA-86-S-2338 CDRL A070 Final). Gaithersburg, MD: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1985). Tower computer control complex position console and ergonomics trade-off analysis (FAA-86-S-3301 CDRL A072 Final). Gaithersburg, MD: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J. (1983). Keyboard human factors: An annotated bibliography. Hanover, MD: Systems Research Laboratories.

Najjar, L. J., Stanton, B. C., Bowen, C. D., & Benel, R. A. (1988). Keyboard heights and slopes for standing typists (TR 85.0081). Rockville, Maryland: IBM Corporation.

Najjar, L. J., Stanton, B. C., Bowen, C. D., & Benel, R. A. (1988). Keyboard heights and slopes for standing typists. In P. D. Tynan & J. F. Kelley (Eds.), Proceedings of the IBM Product Usability/Human Factors Interdivisional Technical Liaison Meeting (pp. 32-41) . Hawthorne, NY: IBM Corporation.

Multimedia Information and Learning

Najjar, L. J. (1998). Principles of educational multimedia user interface design. Human Factors, 40, 311-323.

Najjar, L. J. (1997). A framework for learning from media: The effects of materials, tasks, and tests on performance (GIT-GVU-97-21). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center.

Najjar, L. J. (1996). The effects of multimedia and elaborative encoding on learning (GIT-GVU-96-05). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center.

Najjar, L. J. (1996). Multimedia information and learning. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 5, 129-150.

Najjar, L. J. (1995). Does multimedia information help people learn? (GIT-GVU-95-28). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center.

Najjar, L. J. (1995). Dual coding as a possible explanation for the effects of multimedia on learning (GIT-GVU-95-29). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center.

Najjar, L. J. (1995). A review of the fundamental effects of multimedia information presentation on learning (GIT-GVU-95-20). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center.

Research

Folds, D. J., Kelly, M. J., Gerth, J. M., Mitta, D. A., Whaley, C. J., Fain, W. B., Heller, A. C., Fisk, A. D., Najjar, L. J., & Stocks, D. R. (1994). Human factors experimentation plan for the traffic management center simulation (Working paper K.1). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Tech Research Institute.

Kerber, K. W., Mondani, P. J., & Najjar, L. J. (1980). Toward an affective theory of liking in dyadic situations. Paper presented at the Fifty-first Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Hartford, Connecticut.

Najjar, L. J. (1998). A framework for learning from media: The effects of materials, tasks, and tests on performance. Unpublished dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J. (1983). Practice and prior knowledge of redundant coding in a visual display. Unpublished masters thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.

Najjar, L. J., Corso, G. M., & Patterson, M. J. (1983). Training, prior knowledge of redundant coding, and visual search time. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, Georgia.

Najjar, L. J., Patterson, M. J., & Corso, G. M. (1982). Redundancy in coding of a visual display as assessed by a signal detection paradigm. In R. E. Edwards (Ed.), Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 26th Annual Meeting (pp. 586-588). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society.

Patterson, M. J., Engelman, W. J., Najjar, L. J., & Corso, G. M. (1984). The effects of redundancy, target density, and practice on a complex visual search task. In M. J. Alluisi, S. deGroot, & E. A. Alluisi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 28th Annual Meeting (pp. 299-302). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society.

Patterson, M. J., Najjar, L. J., & Corso, G. M. (1982). Use of a signal detection paradigm to assess redundant coding in a visual display. In IEEE Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society (pp. 69-71). New York, NY: IEEE.

Smith, A. D., Melia, K. F., Lassiter, D. L., & Najjar, L. J. (1982). Enhancing recall by enhancing organizational processing. Paper presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, Georgia.